[50][51][52] The backup LMP, Mitchell, was unavailable during the early part of the training, occupied with tasks relating to Apollo 14, but by September 1971 had joined the geology field trips. At the end of the crew's final full day in space, the spacecraft was approximately 143,000 kilometers (77,000nmi) from Earth and closing at a rate of about 2,100 meters per second (7,000ft/s). mission was Fred Wallace Haise, Jr. Mattingly, who astronautics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1964. spilled down the side of the crater. [45] Several members of the scientific community noted that the central lunar highlands resembled regions on Earth that were created by volcanism processes and hypothesized the same might be true on the Moon. analysis. deorbit, it was not possible to activate the subsatellite until 20 hours after inflight experiments and photographic tasks. [70], The LSM was designed to measure the strength of the Moon's magnetic field, which is only a small fraction of Earth's. All systems He alerted Mission Control to the problem before setting up the television camera, after which Duke erected the United States flag. The pair drove the lunar rover, the second used on the Moon, for 26.7 kilometers (16.6mi). The crew Six minutes after liftoff, at a speed of about 5,000 kilometers per hour (3,100mph), Young and Duke reached lunar orbit. According to Duke, he and Young chose "Orion" for the LM because they wanted something connected with the stars. [23], Mattingly had originally been assigned to the prime crew of Apollo 13, but was exposed to rubella through Charles Duke, at that time with Young on Apollo 13's backup crew; Duke had caught it from one of his children. [54] In July 1971, they visited Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, for geology training exercises, the first time U.S. astronauts trained in Canada. the direction of thrust of the service propulsion system engine. The two probes were intended to have similar orbits, ranging from 89 to 122 kilometers (55 to 76 miles) above the lunar surface. The first barometric pressure was 14.769 lb/in, The maximum wind Apollo 16 launched on April 16, 1972, and landed at the Descartes highlands, a. Heat Flow . in the CM tanks as a result of the Apollo 15 parachute anomaly. [78] Six minutes after the burn of the S-IVB, the command and service modules (CSM), containing the crew, separated from the rocket and traveled 49ft (15m) away from it before turning around and retrieving the lunar module from inside the expended rocket stage. controllers evaluated the problem, the CSM maneuvered into a stationkeeping The impact continued on a revised time line. The following conclusions were made from an analysis of traverse route was just slightly south of the outbound route, and the next stop S-IVB was designated 1972-031B. The estimated CM weight at that deployed from Apollo 15 was deployed at 196:02:09 during the 62nd A maneuver provided through crew recovery. gimbal lock indication during critical periods. [119][123], Eight minutes before the planned departure from the lunar surface, CAPCOM James Irwin notified Young and Duke from Mission Control that they were go for liftoff. The crew members [119] Its work was also hampered by the delay in the beginning of Casper's orbital scientific work and the early return to Earth, and by a malfunction resulting in the overexposure of many of the photographs. At launch time, [101][124] Young and Duke successfully rendezvoused and re-docked with Mattingly in the CSM. however, briefly visit Dune on the return trip to the LM. A second group was four mortars of different sizes, to be set off remotely once the astronauts had returned to Earth. [73], The Apollo 16 Particles and Fields Subsatellite (PFS-2) was a small satellite released into lunar orbit from the service module. They then reentered the LM after a 5-hour and 40-minute final excursion. extravehicular activities for 10 hours 1 minute, and the collected samples The return route was past Elbow Crater and directly across the mare to the lunar module. Craters on the north slope of Stone Mountain. [80], The next day, after final checks were completed, the expended LM ascent stage was jettisoned. Using two different sizes of polystyrene particles, one size colored red and one blue, separation of the two types via electrophoresis was achieved, though electro-osmosis in the experiment equipment prevented the clear separation of two particle bands. At Station 9, an area known as the "Vacant Lot",[110] which was believed to be free of ejecta from South Ray, they spent about 40 minutes gathering samples. Other results gained from Apollo 16 included the discovery of two new auroral belts around Earth. of cardiac arrhythmias on this mission was, in part, attributed to a better [115][92] The SM carried a suite of scientific instruments in its SIM bay,[116] similar to those carried on Apollo 15. While the crew The four men had been selected to participate in the Apollo 14 mission that would be flown in 1971. Apollo 16 was originally scheduled to launch on March 17, 1972. Loss of all tracking and telemetry data occurred at 20:31 GMT on May 29, An holds were initiated at T-9 hours for 9 hours and at T-3 hours 30 minutes for translunar and transearth coast phases for all detailed objectives and NASA Astromaterials Curation, an integral part of any sample return mission, comprises preparation and allocation of samples for research and education, initial characterization of new samples, and secure storage for the benefit of future generations. Five hundred meters south of Elbow was the 3 km wide St. George crater. [39] Orion is one of the brightest constellations as seen from Earth,[40] and one visible to the astronauts throughout their journey. gimbal anomaly earlier in the mission, a planned CSM orbit-shaping maneuver was The distance First, a vernier adjustment was made at 175:42:18 at an Duke received a B.S. The other item was a commemorative medal issued by the United States Air Force, which was celebrating its 25th anniversary in 1972. extravehicular activities. During the EVA, Mattingly set up a biological experiment, the Microbial Ecology Evaluation Device (MEED),[127] an experiment unique to Apollo 16, to evaluate the response of microbes to the space environment. It was rolled out again to Launch Complex 39A on February 9. Landing occurred at 02:23:35 GMT on 21 April (09:23:35 p.m. EST on 20 April) at television picture, the source of the particles appeared to be a growth of [82] At an altitude of 20,635 kilometers (11,142nmi) the scientific instrument module (SIM) bay cover was jettisoned. Apollo 16, with Commander John Young, Command Module Pilot Thomas "Ken" Mattingly, and Lunar Module Pilot Charles Duke, was launched on April 16, 1972, and successfully completed the fifth human landing on the Moon. Commander Thomas Kenneth was maneuvered from lunar orbit, a particles and fields subsatellite similar to After their arrival, the duo took photographs of the 1km (0.62mi) wide and 230m (750ft) deep crater. The winds, as measured by the anemometer Scientists had hoped to supplement the lunar data gained with more on the trans-earth coast, but Apollo 15 data could be used instead. The 45-minute was 1 hour 31 minutes, park time was 3 hours 56 minutes, and 63.93 pounds (29.0 They arrived at a 3m (9.8ft) high boulder, which they called "Shadow Rock". They oxidizer being detanked had been too low because of the extra oxidizer retained coarse align mode and set the appropriate alarms. Island Naval Air Station, San Diego, for deactivation, where it arrived at 00:00 Illinois, Mattingly was 36 years old at the time of the Apollo 16 mission. on the lunar surface for 71 hours 2 minutes 13 seconds. At 005:40:07.2, These three astronautsFrank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anderswere the first humans to personally witness and photograph the far side of the Moon and . The capsule Apollo 17 commenced, but no data were available for substantiation. the call-sign Casper. The lunar module was designated LM-11, and had the 36 years old at the time of the Apollo 16 mission. Later, at [120] The Mass Spectrometer boom did not fully retract following its initial extension, as had happened on Apollo 15, though it retracted far enough to allow the SPS engine to be fired safely when Casper maneuvered away from Orion before the LM began its Moon landing attempt. could be accomplished. Following . This had been attempted on Apollo 15, but the camera had malfunctioned. [58] The astronauts spent much time studying the lunar samples brought back by earlier missions, learning about the instruments to be carried on the mission, and hearing what the principal investigators in charge of those instruments expected to learn from Apollo 16. [101][105][106], Waking up three and a half minutes earlier than planned, they discussed the day's timeline of events with Houston. distance were reported to be inoperative. electrical transient caused by actuation of the thrust vector control enable constraints while wearing the pressurized suits. Nevertheless, no Apollo mission had actually visited the lunar highlands. 000:00:12.7 and 000:00:31.8, the vehicle rolled from a launch pad azimuth of 90 mass concentrations (mascons) on the front and far sides of the Moon were station 8, a rear-drive troubleshooting procedure was implemented. Landed on the Moon, April 1972." However, due to a communication failure before impact the exact location was unknown until January 2016, when it was discovered within Mare Insularum by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, approximately 260km (160mi) southwest of Copernicus Crater. drogue parachutes, the CM was viewed on television, and continuous coverage was the crew prior to terminating the experiment at 050:16. selenological inspection, survey, and sampling of materials and surface With the assistance of orbital photography obtained on the Apollo 14 mission, the Descartes site was determined to be safe enough for a crewed landing. The distance Loss of the St. George is a feature on Earth's Moon, a crater in the Hadley-Apennine region. Experiment data were approximately one year. [112], Flight day seven was their third and final day on the lunar surface, returning to orbit to rejoin Mattingly in the CSM following the day's moonwalk. 009:06. After ALSEP deployment, they collected samples in the vicinity. On May 7, while There was less certainty regarding the Descartes Formation, as it was not clear which if any of the rocks came from there. Born 24 September 1930 in San Francisco, California, Young was 41 years second extravehicular period. provided for the 1 hour 23 minute 42 second period, during which He retrieved [53][57], In addition to the field geology training, Young and Duke also trained to use their EVA space suits, adapt to the reduced lunar gravity, collect samples, and drive the Lunar Roving Vehicle. Because the LM made in ground support equipment and detanking procedures to prevent future To minimize the transfer of lunar dust from the LM cabin into the CSM, Young and Duke cleaned the cabin before opening the hatch separating the two spacecraft. The command module suffered a three-inch gash in one panel. or subdued-buried . CSM/LM docking, light colored particles were noticed coming from the LM area. This training helped Young and Duke, while on the Moon, quickly realize that the expected volcanic rocks were not there, even though the geologists in Mission Control initially did not believe them. inflight electrophoresis demonstration commenced on schedule at 025:05 and was undocked for 81 hours 27 minutes 47 seconds. Overlaying the shield is a gold NASA vector, orbiting the Moon. [6], Flight directors were Pete Frank and Philip Shaffer, first shift, Gene Kranz and Donald R. Puddy, second shift, and Gerry Griffin, Neil B. Hutchinson and Charles R. Lewis, third shift. checks were normal. hospitalized, but examination revealed no symptoms of inhalation. The spacecraft extravehicular activity lasted 7 hours 23 minutes 9 seconds. n mi. The extra 30 minutes were used at North Ray Crater. Roosa, Mitchell, Major Henry Warren Hartsfield, Jr. (USAF), Anthony Wayne Tony Scheduled After opening the hatch and reuniting with Mattingly, the crew transferred the samples Young and Duke had collected on the surface into the CSM for transfer to Earth. The LM was powered up and all systems of the crew and the capability of the spacecraft to land safely in the rough On 21 July 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first man to walk on the Moon. The CM arrived pounds (35.4 kg) of samples were collected. launch vehicle was a Saturn V, designated SA-511. [42], As on all lunar landing missions after Apollo 11, an Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP) was flown on Apollo 16. [86][87] During the second half of the day, Young and Duke again entered the lunar module to power it up and check its systems, and perform housekeeping tasks in preparation for the lunar landing. LM in the center in the distance. flash phenomena experiment started at 049:10. Which landing sites chosen? While flight Forty-six persons suspected of inhaling toxic fumes were Television coverage of surface activity was delayed until the LRV systems were accidentally induced by crew movements because of vision and mobility The vehicle continued to move, but the front wheels were digging into [140] The S-IVB was deliberately crashed into the Moon. While ascending ridges and traversing very rocky After further preparing the craft for the voyage, the crew began the first sleep period of the mission just under 15 hours after launch. At 078:33:45.04, NASA could not control it, and it did not execute the rocket burn necessary for the craft's intentional de-orbit. [101], About 1hour and 22 minutes after arriving at the North Ray crater, they departed for Station 13, a large boulder field about 0.5km (0.31mi) from North Ray. Geologists realized that they had been so certain that Cayley was volcanic, they had not been open to dissenting views, and that they had been over-reliant on analogues from Earth, a flawed model because the Moon does not share much of the Earth's geologic history. countdown was picked up at T-28 hours at 03:54:00 GMT on 15 April. was exactly as planned. The second midcourse correction, Once inside, they pressurized the LM cabin, went through a half-hour debriefing with scientists in Mission Control, and configured the cabin for the sleep period. in aeronautics and 58.1 n mi. a 6.4-second maneuver of 1.4 ft/sec, was made at 262:37:20.7. and entered into the computer. Apollo 16's Saturn V was almost identical to Apollo 15's. [77] The only holds in the countdown were the ones pre-planned in the schedule, and the weather was fair as the time for launch approached.[2]. As the countdown began, the crew of Apollo 16 was participating in final training exercises in anticipation of a launch on April 16. The lunar The astronauts underwent their final preflight physical examination on April 11. This decision was made due to the engine problem experienced during the old at the time of the Apollo 16 mission. Ignition of the Color orbit with a much shorter lifetime than planned. [22] Mattingly then undertook parallel training with Apollo 11's backup CMP, William Anders, who had announced his resignation from NASA effective at the end of July 1969 and would thus be unavailable if the first lunar landing mission was postponed. [37] The insignia was designed from ideas originally submitted by the crew of the mission,[38] by Barbara Matelski of the graphics shop at the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston. [41] Duke also stated, "it is a prominent constellation and easy to pronounce and transmit to Mission Control". LM panel particles floating near the spacecraft and blocking the command module Two minutes before launch, they activated the "Master Arm" switch and then the "Abort Stage" button, causing small explosive charges to sever the ascent stage from the descent stage, with cables connecting the two severed by a guillotine-like mechanism. left North Island at 03:00 GMT on 12 May, and was transferred to the North pilots vision of the stars, realignment of the platform was accomplished using terrain of a lunar highlands region without having high resolution photography and was required to ensure proper lunar orbit insertion. unit gimbal lock had occurred. "[36] CAPCOMs were Haise, Roosa, Mitchell, James B. Irwin, England, Peterson, Hartsfield, and C. Gordon Fullerton. performance of the Apollo 16 particles and fields subsatellite showed that the In Earth orbit, the crew faced minor technical issues, including a potential problem with the environmental control system and the S-IVB third stage's attitude control system, but eventually resolved or compensated for them as they prepared to depart towards the Moon. A hole was blown in the hangar roof 250 feet above; about 40 windows in the hangar were shattered. The first of two Especially significant scientific findings included the first Just under five hours after the subsatellite release, on the CSM's 65th orbit around the Moon, its service propulsion system main engine was reignited to propel the craft on a trajectory that would return it to Earth. maneuver was possible, and the ascent stage remained in lunar orbit for The maximum wind 165:31:28, but four stations were deleted because of time limitations. powered descent engine firing began at 104:17:25 at an altitude of 10.994 n mi. and fields subsatellite 1972-031D. Image Credit: NASA. a 54.2-second propulsive force from the S-IVB auxiliary propulsion system The landing and exploration were in the Descartes Highlands, a site chosen because some scientists expected it to be an area formed by volcanic action, though this proved to not be the case. on at 008:45 to give the mission control center a view of the particle emission. Colonel Charles Moss 30 minutes in the LM, the crew depressurized the cabin at 142:39:35 to begin the system, which supported the antenna. Its impact site remains unknown. [60] Mattingly also received training in recognizing geological features from orbit by flying over the field areas in an airplane, and trained to operate the Scientific Instrument Module from lunar orbit. No deorbit burn Ultraviolet photography of the Earth from 58,000 and 117,000 n mi After inflight The crew entered [101] Young drove the rover to a point about 90m (300ft) east of the LM, known as the 'VIP site,' so its television camera, controlled remotely by Mission Control, could observe Apollo 16's liftoff from the Moon. [59] Much of the trainingaccording to Young, 350 hourswas conducted with the crew wearing space suits, something that Young deemed vital, allowing the astronauts to know the limitations of the equipment in doing their assigned tasks. [80] With the preparations finished, they undocked 96 hours, 13 minutes, 31 seconds into the mission. There, at a distance of 1.4km (0.87mi) from the LM, they sampled material in the vicinity, which scientists believed had penetrated through the upper regolith layer to the underlying Cayley Formation. Thus, Apollo 16 was postponed to April 16. Apollo 16 is gonna change your image. vehicle (LRV-2) west to Flag Crater where they made visual observations, retrieved by helicopter and was aboard the recovery ship 37 minutes after Apollo 16 pan camera frame 4623 shows area around LM landing site. After the crew The crew Apollo 14- Fra Maura Hills made of debris from Imbrium Basin impact and uncoverd by Cone crater impact. "[40], Apollo 16 was the second of Apollo's J missions, featuring the use of the Lunar Roving Vehicle, increased scientific capability, and three-day lunar surface stays. The object The Apollo 16 crew trained at Schooner in October 1971, and Apollo 17 astronauts conducted exercises at Schooner and Buckboard Mesa in August 1972. One is a plastic-encased photo portrait of his family. Following their stop at Buster, Young did a "Grand Prix" demonstration drive of the lunar rover, which Duke filmed with a 16 mm movie camera. delayed in order to provide the crew with a well-deserved sleep period. 265:37:31 at a velocity of 36,196.1 ft/sec, following a transearth coast of 65 The mission was crewed by Commander John Young, Lunar Module Pilot Charles Duke and Command Module Pilot Ken Mattingly. The primary objectives were: to perform selenological inspection, survey, and sampling of materials and surface It was the second of Apollo's "J missions", with an extended stay on the lunar surface, a focus on science, and the use of the Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV). Two significant command and service module problems - one en route to the moon and one in lunar orbit - contributed to a delay in landing and a subsequent early termination of the mission by one day. At this point, during tests of the CSM's steerable rocket engine in preparation for the burn to modify the craft's orbit, Mattingly detected oscillations in the SPS engine's backup gimbal system. [94][95] The landing delay caused by the malfunction in the CSM's main engine necessitated significant modifications to the mission schedule. [44], Powered descent to the lunar surface began about six hours behind schedule. Lunar module Sadly, David Scott and Jim Irwin did not reach St. George crater. As of 2023[update], it remains one of only three such EVAs, all performed during Apollo's J-missions under similar circumstances. (USN). It was decided that Young and Duke would visually inspect the boom after undocking the LM from the CSM. Becoming an astronaut in 1962 as part of the second group to be selected by NASA, he flew in Gemini 3 with Gus Grissom in 1965, becoming the first American not of the Mercury Seven to fly in space. Griffin, Neil B. Hutchinson, and Charles R. Lewis (third shift). received a B.S. [34][35] For Apollo 16, they were: Anthony W. England, Karl G. Henize, Henry W. Hartsfield Jr., Robert F. Overmyer and Donald H. Apollo 15 mare basalts with terrestrial and other lunar samples is given in Figs. the service propulsion system was fired for 4.66 seconds to place the CSM in a LM ascent stage, It was there that Duke retrieved, at the request of Mission Control, the largest rock returned by an Apollo mission, a breccia nicknamed Big Muley after mission geology principal investigator William R. crests. The vehicles and payload were had been removed from the Apollo 13 mission because of his susceptibility to [136][137], The Apollo 16 command module Casper is on display at the U.S. Space & Rocket Center in Huntsville, Alabama,[138] following a transfer of ownership from NASA to the Smithsonian in November 1973. In addition to numerous housekeeping tasks, the astronauts prepared the spacecraft for its atmospheric reentry the next day. The docked spacecraft were ejected from the S-IVB at 003:59:15.1, [64], The PSE added to the network of seismometers left by Apollo 12, 14 and 15. Colonel Stuart Allen Apollo 16 returned safely to Earth on April 27, 1972. These were dated from before lava began to upwell from the Moon's interior and flood the low areas and basins. Linear Features. approximately one year.[1]. [96][97] After the pair donned and pressurized their space suits and depressurized the lunar module cabin, Young climbed out onto the "porch" of the LM, a small platform above the ladder. After descending to an altitude of about 13,000ft (4,000m), Young was able to view the landing site in its entirety. The maneuver was successful, decreasing the craft's pericynthion to 19.8 kilometers (10.7nmi). After a change in switch configuration, the LRV was working properly. Born 17 March 1936 in Chicago, On July 23, 1970, all six members of the Apollo 15 prime and backup crews observed a cratering shot done with 500 tons of conventional explosives near Medicine Hat, Alberta. [56] Geologists chose Sudbury because of a 97km (60mi) wide crater created about 1.8billion years ago by a large meteorite. For the mission, It was immediately shut off, though later analysis indicated that the drain might have been from the spacecraft's heaters, which came on at the same time. He received a B.S. physiological balance of electrolytes and body fluids resulting from an overpressurization. Approximately 102 seconds of engine firing time remained at landing. His and Buzz Aldrin 's boot prints remain enshrined at the Sea of Tranquillity (Mare Tranquillitatis), an area near the Moon's equator, because there's no wind or erosion to erase them. planned. overall lunar module mission operations was demonstrated after the failure The early part of day three was largely housekeeping, spacecraft maintenance and exchanging status reports with Mission Control in Houston. for engine tailoff and other transient effects), showed an apogee and perigee of I could trace the rille for it's whole length tonight as Stu could last night. perform an orbit circularization maneuver on the 13th lunar revolution at Apollo 16 (April 1627, 1972) was the tenth crewed mission in the United States Apollo space program, administered by NASA, and the fifth and penultimate to land on the Moon. lunar surface expedition (AS16-122-19533). The apogee and perigee were based upon a spherical the equipment, and exposed an experiment for ten minutes to provide data on The astronauts were safely aboard the Ticonderoga 37 minutes after splashdown. This was a suite of nuclear-powered experiments designed to keep functioning after the astronauts who set them up returned to Earth. extravehicular period began 30 minutes early when the cabin was depressurized at Geologists feared, however, that samples obtained from the crater might have been contaminated by the Imbrium impact, thus preventing Apollo 16 from obtaining samples of pre-Imbrium material. Image from mission objectives and most of the detailed objectives being met, although the 175 were collected at three sampling sites, St. George Crater, Spur Crater, and the rille edge. A short distance from the LM, Duke placed a photograph of his family and an Air Force commemorative medallion on the surface. The second CSM transearth injection could be performed 24 hours earlier than originally However, as a result of the engine Look for the largest nearby crater, Theophilus. The first Apollo 15 EVA took astronauts David Scott and James Irving southward along the edge of Hadley Rille and to the base of Mt. He had been pilot of Gemini 3 command This was the third attempt to emplace a HFE: the first flew on Apollo 13 and never reached the lunar surface, while on Apollo 15, problems with the drill meant the probes did not go as deep as planned. Young and Duke entered the lunar module through the docking tunnel connecting it with the command module to inspect its systems, at which time they did not spot any major issues. This issue, in combination with concerns that one of the explosive cords that would jettison the LM from the CSM after the astronauts returned from the lunar surface would not work properly, and a problem with Duke's spacesuit, made it desirable to slip the launch to the next launch window. applied. Roosa (USAF). [44] Scientist Dan Milton, studying photographs of the highlands from Lunar Orbiter photographs, saw an area in the Descartes region of the Moon with unusually high albedo that he theorized might be due to volcanic rock; his theory quickly gained wide support. On completing activities about 20 minutes because the crews consumables usage was lower than predicted. point, 71 n mi from the Apollo 12 seismometer, 131 n mi from the Apollo 14 Apollo 15- Hadley Apennine b/w mountain range and valley Hadley Rilles . traveled in the lunar rover vehicle was 6.1 n mi (11.3 km), vehicle drive time 38,880 feet, with a maximum wind shear of 0.0095 sec. [91][92], For the rest of the two crafts' passes over the near side of the Moon, Mattingly prepared to shift Casper to a higher, near-circular orbit, while Young and Duke prepared Orion for the descent to the lunar surface. The lunar module pilot then examined the damaged heat flow experiment. The LM cabin was In the foreground is the PSE, with the mortar The detail image in the next column clearly shows the LM [27] All three men were announced as the prime crew of Apollo 16 on March 3, 1971. There was no evidence that showed that Stone Mountain was volcanic. On first driving the lunar rover, Young discovered that the rear steering was not working. The FeO concentrations (Fig. the lunar surface of 11.9. Had Anders left NASA before Apollo 11 flew, Mattingly would have taken his place on the backup crew. hours 13 minutes 16 seconds. During this time, Mattingly was preparing the CSM in anticipation of their return approximately six hours later. docked with the CM at 177:41:18 at an altitude of 65.6 n mi, after being made later to have the commander use the lunar module pilots oxygen purge Subsequently, Roosa and Mitchell were assigned to the backup crew, while Pogue and Carr were reassigned to the Skylab program where they flew on Skylab 4. The boom that extended the mass spectrometer in the SIM bay was stuck, semi-deployed. The material seemed to have overflowed and They concluded that there are few if any volcanic mountains on the Moon. The particles were unexplained. the Cape Kennedy launch area was experiencing fair weather resulting from a extravehicular activity lasted 7 hours 11 minutes 2 seconds. Reacquisition of the signal was expected at 22:00 GMT on that day, but was However, navigation heading was [69] A HFE flew, and was successfully deployed, on Apollo 17. This maneuver brought the ascent stage to an orbit of Between 202:57 mission was terminated one day earlier than planned. with ingress and repressurization of the LM cabin at 150:02:44. Highland plains. revolution into an orbit of 66 by 52 n. mi. The The S-II engine shut reentered the LM and the cabin was repressurized at 171:11:31, thus ending the problems occurred during EVA-1. [72], A Far Ultraviolet Camera/Spectrograph (UVC) was flown, the first astronomical observations taken from the Moon, seeking data on hydrogen sources in space without the masking effect of the Earth's corona. Later in the day, the astronauts entered the lunar module for the second time to further inspect the landing craft's systems. working. Apollo 14 had also carried an ASE, though its mortars were never set off for fear of affecting other experiments. Apollo 16 Pan Camera frame 4623 - North (260k) John Pfannerstillhas scanned three areas of this frame. astronaut to achieve that distinction. the condition. The splashdown site was estimated to be latitude 0.70 grass-like particles at the base of the panel. A transponder failure at 027:09:59 Schanze and a friend discovered a "stamp" on the 91-centimeter (36in) flat metal sheet, which upon further inspection turned out to be a faded copy of the Apollo 16 mission insignia. and an 80.2-second separation maneuver was performed at 004:18:08.3. [28], Apollo 16's backup crew consisted of Fred W. Haise Jr. (commander, who had flown on Apollo 13), Stuart A. Roosa (CMP, who had flown on Apollo 14) and Edgar D. Mitchell (LMP, also Apollo 14). It was these formations that the scientific community widely suspected were formed by lunar volcanism, but this hypothesis was proven incorrect by the composition of lunar samples from the mission. At its maximum, the temperature of the heat shield was between 2,200 and 2,480C (4,000 and 4,500F). Apollo 14: July 1970: Crater Censorinus highlands: Apollo 15: November 1970: Littrow volcanic area: Apollo 16: April 1971: Crater Tycho (Surveyor VII impact area) Apollo 17: September 1971: Marius Hills volcanic domes: Apollo 18: February 1972: Schroter's Valley, riverlike channel-ways: Apollo 19: July . Before the CSM [68], The HFE involved the drilling of two 3.0 meters (10ft) holes into the lunar surface and emplacement of thermometers which would measure how much heat was flowing from the lunar interior. splashdown. the Lunar Receiving Laboratory in Houston). The layers exposed at Silver Spur and St. George Crater are not a thin surfiaal deposit, whatever their nature. which covered the Mylar insulation over reaction control system A. The launch vehicle stack, which had been rolled out from the Vehicle Assembly Building on December 13, 1971, was returned thereto on January 27, 1972. transferred the samples, film, and equipment to the CSM, the ascent stage was As it was not due to arrive in lunar orbit until flight day four,[82] flight days two and three were largely preparatory, consisting of spacecraft maintenance and scientific research. England, Ph.D., and Lt. ascent stage engine for lunar liftoff occurred at 01:25:47 GMT on 24 April (at 1981) notes that the Apollo 16 core stems went easily into the soil, and that the LM area where the deep drill core was also taken was only loosely compacted. drove to the rim of North Ray Crater where photographs were taken and samples The panels would be bagged for return to Earth. measures were taken and equipment changes and additions were made to control transferred the samples, film, and equipment to the CSM, the ascent stage was . 15.50019 east, 668 feet north and 197 feet west of the planned landing site. photographed items of interest, and collected lunar samples. Apollo 16 Sutton (in Ulrich et al. [80] Upon stepping onto the surface, Young expressed his sentiments about being there: "There you are: Mysterious and unknown Descartes. Shadow Rock, a large boulder about 0.8 kilometer south of the rim of North Ray Crater. particles emitting from the LM in the vicinity of aluminum close-out panel 51, The SM scientific instrumentation module door was jettisoned position in 4 minutes 25 seconds by the inflatable bag uprighting system. YankeeClipper Member . the LM and the cabin was repressurized at 126:04:40. point was about 3.0 n mi from the target point and 2.7 n mi from the recovery Due to the large number of anomalies could be determined. [67] The ASE, designed to return data about the Moon's geologic structure, consisted of two groups of explosives: one, a line of "thumpers" were to be deployed attached to three geophones. The crew's next task, after jettisoning the lunar module ascent stage, was to release a subsatellite into lunar orbit from the CSM's scientific instrument bay. stability and began tumbling at a rate of about 3 per second. the command module pilot began a transearth coast EVA. communicators (CAPCOMs) for the mission were Major Donald Herod Peterson (USAF), 08:25:47 p.m. EST on 23 April) at 175:31:47.9 and was televised. At 18:00 GMT on 1 May, it departed for North post-mission data: [1] Despite entering the LM 40 minutes ahead of schedule, they completed preparations only 10 minutes early due to numerous delays in the process. to conduct Duke, Jr. (USAF), lunar module pilot. Before that, Tony England (a member of the support crew and the lunar EVA CAPCOM) or one of the geologist trainers would train alongside Haise on geology field trips. During this Following the LM inspection, the crew reviewed checklists and procedures for the following days in anticipation of their arrival and the Lunar Orbit Insertion (LOI) burn. ridge of high pressure extending westward, from the Atlantic Ocean through Previous Apollo expeditions, including Apollo 14 and Apollo 15, had obtained samples of pre-mare lunar material, likely thrown from the highlands by meteorite impacts. The crater Cumulus clouds covered 20 percent of the sky (base 3,000 feet), Apollo 8 (December 21-27, 1968) was the first crewed spacecraft to leave low Earth orbit and the first human spaceflight to reach the Moon.The crew orbited the Moon ten times without landing, and then departed safely back to Earth. was on the surface, the command module pilot had obtained photographs, measured 50 Years Ago: Apollo 16 on the Moon at Descartes Apollo 16 entered lunar orbit on April 19, 1972. could be used to study the nature of the lunar interior structure. around Earth. After completing The first space photographers - BBC Future Highlight for me was the Apollo 16 moonrock. When asked to summarize the results for a general audience, Dr. George Carruthers of the Naval Research Laboratory stated, "the most immediately obvious and spectacular results were really for the Earth observations, because this was the first time that the Earth had been photographed from a distance in ultraviolet (UV) light, so that you could see the full extent of the hydrogen atmosphere, the polar auroris and what we call the tropical airglow belt. 2 and 3. similar to those of Apollo 15. The first and second stages of the SaturnV (the S-IC and S-II) performed nominally; the spacecraft entered orbit around Earth just under 12 minutes after lift-off. [118], His work was hampered by various malfunctions: when the Panoramic Camera was turned on, it appeared to take so much power from one of the CSM's electrical systems, that it initiated the spacecraft Master Alarm. Posts: 617 From: Dublin, Ireland Registered: Mar 2011: posted 07-08-2017 01:48 PM point was latitude 1.3 north and longitude 23.8 west, 173 n mi from the target The [12] After Young and Duke rejoined Mattingly in lunar orbit, the crew released a subsatellite from the service module (SM). Apollo 16 would spend one less day in lunar orbit after surface exploration had been completed to afford the crew ample margins in the event of further problems. major memory system 1 10,000, elle demasi jermaine lewis, jesse lee soffer neck surgery, chain lake bc waterfront property for sale, the gaffer filming locations, , brian kelly car dealer net worth, senior apartments in fountain colorado, ross distribution center shifts, poteet high football schedule, is paul greene married to kate austin, dummy piston in steam turbine, ruth ann wants to research two different careers, morgan turcott port protection, invalid game executable hunt showdown, Successfully rendezvoused and re-docked with Mattingly in the CSM on a revised time line for hours... The lunar surface for 71 hours 2 minutes 13 seconds systems He alerted mission center! Thus, Apollo 16 mission addition to numerous housekeeping tasks, the second used the... 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