They also sent a request for assistance to Governor Boggs, noting that the mob had threatened "to exterminate them, without regard to age or sex. When events in Daviess County caused Missourians to see the Mormon community as a violent threat, non-Mormon public opinion hardened in favor of a firm military response. One of the principal points of conflict in the 1838 Missouri Mormon War, the battle resulted in Missouri Executive Order 44, sometimes called the . Their economic cohesion allowed the Mormons to dominate local economies. [1], Meanwhile, a group of non-Mormons from Clinton, Platte, and other counties began to harass Mormons in Daviess County, burning outlying homes and plundering property. "[48][49], On October 9, A C Caldwell returned to De Witt to report that the Governor's response was that the "quarrel was between the Mormons and the mob" and that they should fight it out.[48]. According to Latter Day Saint witness Reed Peck, when Smith was told that the Mormons would be expected to leave the state, he replied that "he did not care" and that he would be glad to get out of the "damnable state" anyway. [56], Local citizens were outraged by the actions of the Danites and other Mormon bands. Other Mormons, fearing similar retribution by the Missourians, gathered into Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection. [38], The Mormons also visited Sheriff William Morgan and several other leading Daviess County citizens, also forcing some of them to sign statements disavowing any ties to the vigilance committees. [20] Mormons felt that the compromise only excluded major settlements in Clay County and Ray County, not Daviess County and Carroll County. Nearly every one was burned. [89], Joseph Smith Jr attempted to negotiate with Lucas, but it became clear that Lucas considered his conditions to be non-negotiable. Beckstorm, Danielle. Lilburn Boggs, as a Jackson county resident, and as Lieutenant Governor, was in a position to observe and assist in executing the tactics described by one Mormon historian: In 1833 Boggs passively saw community leaders and officials sign demands for Mormon withdrawal, and next force a gunbarrel contract to abandon the county before spring plantinganti-Mormon goals were reached in a few simple stages. One of the Mormons present, Samuel Brown, claimed that Peniston's statements were false and then declared his intention to vote. "[78] The mob gave no quarter. Thomas McBride surrendered his rifle to Jacob Rogers, who shot McBride with his own gun, then mangled his body with a corn knife while he was still alive. [102][103], During a transfer to another prison in the spring of 1839, Smith escaped. Stripped of their property, the Mormons were then given a few months to leave the state. [71] According to one Mormon witness, the deaths "threw a gloom over the whole place".[72]. The gun was found to have been stolen from a local shopkeeper, who identified "that hired man of Ward's" as the most likely culprit. The skirmish is often cited as the first serious violence of the 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. I can tell whatever I want to. On the afternoon of 24 October 1838, some of Bogart's men, operating independently of Bogart's main command, took two Mormon spies prisoner at a home where the Mormon "spy company" (a group of Mormons who had been assembled to scout the movements of Bogart and other anti-Mormon vigilantes in the area [12]) was quartered. [95], The defendants, consisting of about 60 men including Joseph Smith, Jr. and Sidney Rigdon, were turned over to a civil court of inquiry in Richmond under Judge Austin A. The group arrived just before dawn and when they were discovered, fighting soon began. [16] Mormons had already begun buying land in the proposed Caldwell County, including areas that were carved off to become parts of Ray and Daviess Counties. Format: Paperback. The Far West militia was marched out of the city and forced to turn over their weapons to General Lucas. When faced with the Mormon refugees from Missouri, the people of Quincy, Illinois, were outraged by the treatment the Mormons had experienced. The militia promptly arrested Smith and the other leaders. Siege of Far West and capture of church leaders. [21] Mormons felt that the compromise only excluded major settlements in Clay County and Ray County, not Daviess County and Carroll County. Lathrop wrote "I was compeled[sic] to leave my home my house was thronged with a company of armed men consisting of fourteen in number and they abusing my family in allmost[sic] every form that Creturs[sic] in the shape of human Beeings[sic] could invent. Comments ( 459) This week's entry: Missouri Mormon War. 17 June . Executive paralysis permitted terrorism, which forced Mormons to self-defense, which was immediately labeled as an "insurrection", and was put down by the activated militia of the county. It won the best book award for the Mormon History Association. Details; Description; Reviews; Author: Stephen C. LeSueur. When a Mormon band plundered and burned the Taylor home, one young Mormon, Benjamin F Johnson, argued his fellow vigilantes into leaving a horse for a pregnant Mrs Taylor and her children to ride to safety. One historian notes that Governor Boggs was running for election against several violent men, all capable of the deed, and that there was no particular reason to suspect Rockwell of the crime. Faster access than browser! [24] Possession became unclear and the dissenters threatened the church with lawsuits. [107] The militia was disbanded in late November.[13]. [13], Forcefully deprived of their homes and property, the Latter-day Saints temporarily settled in the area around Jackson County, especially in Clay County. Doniphan refused to obey the order, replying: It is cold-blooded murder. In addition, LeSueur views the conflict as an expression of attitudes and beliefs that have fostered a vigilante tradition in the United States. [104], It is also believed that Smith's imprisonment had become an embarrassment, and that an escape would be convenient for Boggs and the rest of the Missouri political establishment. My brigade shall march for Liberty to-morrow morning, at 8 o'clock, and if you execute those men, I will hold you responsible before an earthly tribunal, so help me God! [35][36], When the Mormons heard a rumor that Judge Adam Black was gathering a mob near Millport, one hundred armed men, including Joseph Smith, surrounded Black's home. [13] In Daviess County, where Whigs and Democrats had been roughly evenly balanced, Mormon population reached a level where they could determine election results.[22]. Hinkle and Murdock refused, citing their right as American citizens to settle where they pleased. In an effort to keep the peace, Alexander William Doniphan of Clay County pushed a law through the Missouri legislature that created Caldwell County, Missouri specifically for Mormon settlement in 1836. Although county officials could only legally act within the county, this judge authorized Hinkle to defend Latter-day Saint settlements in neighboring Daviess County.[54]. The Missouri Argus published an editorial on December 20, 1838, that public opinion should not permit the Mormons to forcibly be expelled from the state: They cannot be driven beyond the limits of the statethat is certain. Doniphan refused to obey the order, replying: It is cold-blooded murder. Sheriff Morgan was ridden through town on an iron bar, and died shortly afterward from the injuries he suffered during the ride. AbeBooks.com: The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri (Volume 1) (9780826207296) by LeSueur, Stephen C. and a great selection of similar New, Used and Collectible Books available now at great prices. [44], As tensions built in Daviess County, other counties began to respond to Carroll County's request for assistance in expelling the Mormons from their county. Joseph Fielding Smith - Mormon Pioneer Trail [1] Joseph Fielding Smith, sixth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the nephew of its founder, Joseph Smith, was born in Far West, Missouri, on 13 November 1838. William Bowman, one of the guards, was dragged by his hair across the town square. [79], None of the Missourians were ever prosecuted for their role in the Haun's Mill Massacre. "[81] Other Latter Day Saint witnesses remembered that Smith said to "beg like a dog for peace. [39], In the spring of 1838, Henry Root, a non-Mormon who was a major land-owner in Carroll County, visited Far West and sold his plots in the mostly vacant town of De Witt to church leaders. Expert-Importance-53 21 days ago The Mormons did absolutely nothing wrong in Jackson County/Independence while they were there (1831-1833). [51][53] Ignoring this counsel, Judge Higby, a Mormon judge in Caldwell County called out the Caldwell militia, led by Colonel George M. Hinkle. (youtube). Around 200 non-Mormons gathered in Gallatin on election day to prevent Mormons from voting. Citizens in Saline, Howard, Jackson, Chariton, Ray, and other nearby counties organized vigilance committees sympathetic to the Carroll County expulsion party. [91], Colonel Hinkle rode to the church leaders in Far West and informed them of the offered terms. Public opinion has recoiled from a summary and forcible removal of our negro population;much more likely will it be to revolt at the violent expulsion of two or three thousand souls, who have so many ties to connect them with us in a common brotherhood. At 8:00am, Joseph sent word to Far West to surrender.[94]. [63] None of these claims, however, purport to be eyewitness accounts. The premeditated assault left seventeen Mormon men and boys dead and more than a dozen others wounded. During the fall of 1838, as tensions escalated during what is now known as the Mormon-Missouri War, the Danites were apparently absorbed into militias largely composed of Latter-day Saints. The Settlement of The Peculiar People in Jackson County. To William Wines Phelps, a fellow Latter-day Saint and witness to the events, Hinkle wrote: "When the facts were laid before Joseph, did he not say, 'I will go'; and did not the others go with him, and that, too, voluntarily, so far as you and I were concerned?"[93][94]. The church relocated from Kirtland to Far West, which became its new headquarters. The Mormons divided into three columns led by David W. Patten, Charles C. Rich, and James Durphee. Although he had refrained from stopping the illegal anti-Mormon siege of De Witt, he now mustered 2,500 state militia to put down what he perceived to be a Mormon insurrection against the state. Agitation against the Latter Day Saints had become particularly fierce in the sparsely settled counties north and east of Caldwell County. According to Hinkle, Smith wanted a treaty with the Missourians "on any terms short of battle. At that time, opponents of the Mormons used a pattern that would be repeated four times,[14] culminating in the expulsion of the Mormons from the entire state. One woman died of exposure, the other (a woman named Jenson) died in childbirth. The specific dates of the war are from August 6, 1838, (the Gallatin election battle) to November 1, 1838, when Joseph Smith surrendered at Far West. "In the summer and fall of 1838, animosity between Mormons and their neighbors in western Missouri erupted into an armed conflict known as the Mormon War. The soldiers also turned their horses into our fields of corn.[98][99]. Back in 1987, Steve wrote an amazing book called The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. After the stress of being expelled from Millport into the snow, Milford Donaho's wife gave birth prematurely, and the child was severely injured during the birth. Lathrop wrote "I was compeled [sic] to leave my home my house was thronged with a company of armed men consisting of fourteen in number and they abusing my family in allmost [sic] every form that Creturs [sic] in the shape of human Beeings [sic] could invent. It should also be noted that none of the participants in the raid ever cited the order as justification for their actions. Agnes Smith, a sister-in-law of Joseph, was chased from her home with two small children when her home was burned. "If found, they will be shot down like dogs," warned Hyrum. Lucas tried Joseph Smith and other Mormon leaders by court martial on November 1, the evening of the surrender. [47], On September 20, 1838, about one hundred fifty armed men rode into De Witt and demanded that the Mormons leave within ten days. The 1838 Mormon War was a conflict that occurred between the Mormon and non-Mormon settlers in Missouri from August to November 1838. The gun was found to have been stolen from a local shopkeeper, who identified "that hired man of Ward's" as the most likely culprit. De Witt possessed a strategically important location near the intersection of the Grand River and the Missouri River. [48], On October 1, the mob burned the home and stables of Smith Humphrey. Missouri blamed the Mormons for the conflict and forced the Latter Day Saints to sign over all their lands in order to pay for the state militia muster. Although county officials could only legally act within the county, this judge authorized Hinkle to defend Latter Day Saint settlements in neighboring Daviess County. Of the Missourians, only one, Moses Rowland, was killed. On November 1, 1838, Smith surrendered at Far West, the church's headquarters, ending the war. Missouri-Mormon Experience (1831-1839) and its War of 1838 . The Settlement of The Peculiar People in Jackson County. [101] The militia was disbanded in late November.[1]. Reynolds discovered a revolver at the scene, still loaded with buckshot. Hyrum Smith, Brigham Young, and other leaders left at Far West warned the veterans of Crooked River to flee. The 1838 Mormon War, also known as the Missouri Mormon War, was a conflict between Mormons and non-Mormons in Missouri from August to November 1838, the first of the three Mormon Wars. The soldiers also turned their horses into our fields of corn.[92][93]. The presidency responded by urging the dissenters to leave the county, using strong words that the dissenters interpreted as threats. [26], The "Election Day Battle at Gallatin" was a skirmish between Mormon and non-Mormon settlers in the newly formed Daviess County, Missouri, on August 6, 1838. King to answer the charges. John Whitmer recounts that Smith bribed the guards. John C. Bennett, a disaffected Mormon, reported that Smith had offered a cash reward to anyone who would assassinate Boggs, and that Smith had admitted to him that Rockwell had done the deed. In August-November 1838, Mormons and their "Gentile" Missourian neighbors clashed in the Mormon War of 1838. Having taken control of the Missourian settlements, the Mormons plundered the property and burned the stores and houses. Contents 1 Background 2 Compromise breaks down, 1838 3 Salt Sermon and Danites 4 The Election Day Battle at Gallatin 5 Mormons expelled from De Witt 6 Daviess County expedition 6.1 Marsh affidavit 7 Battle of Crooked River its a blog about my life. [34] [37], At a meeting at Lyman Wight's home between leading Mormons and non-Mormons, both sides agreed not to protect anyone who had broken the law, and to surrender all offenders to the authorities. Boggs held strong preconceptions against the Latter Day Saints, dating from the time when both he and they had lived in Jackson County, and the governor believed the reports. While Mormons were viewed as deluded or worse, many Missourians agreed with the sentiment expressed in the Southern Advocate: By what color of propriety a portion of the people of the State, can organize themselves into a body, independent of the civil power, and contravene the general laws of the land by preventing the free enjoyment of the right of citizenship to another portion of the people, we are at a loss to comprehend. The Mormons divided into three columns led by David W. Patten, Charles C. Rich, and James Durphee. Latter Day Saints established new colonies outside of Caldwell County, including Adam-ondi-Ahman in Daviess County and De Witt in Carroll County. Sheriff Morgan was ridden through town on an iron bar, and died shortly afterward from the injuries he suffered during the ride. Sampson Avard (October 23, 1800 - April 15, 1869) was one of the founders and leaders of the Mormon vigilantes known as the Danites . One historian notes that Governor Boggs was running for election against several violent men, all capable of the deed, and that there was no particular reason to suspect Rockwell of the crime. You might be referring to the 1838 Mormon War, a localized conflict between pro-slavery old time Missouri settlers and rapidly increasing numbers of converts to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, who were mos. [79], Most Mormons gathered to Far West and Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection. LeSueur, Stephen C. How to Cite: (1989) "The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri", The Annals of Iowa 50 (2-3), 278-280. doi: https://doi.org/10.17077/0003-4827.9389 Rights: Copyright 1989 State Historical Society of Iowa. [74] One 19th century Missouri historian noted: "The Daviess County men were very bitter against the Mormons, and vowed the direst vengeance on the entire sect. When Joseph Smith and volunteers rode to Adam-ondi-Ahman to assess the situation, they discovered there were no truths to the rumors. Despite an attempt by the Mormons to parley, the mob attacked. They moved into a blacksmith shop, which they hoped to use as a makeshift defensive fortification. [56], During the days that followed, Latter Day Saint vigilantes under the direction and encouragement of Lyman Wight drove Missourians who lived in outlying farms from their homes, which were similarly plundered and burned. Rumors among both parties spread that there were casualties in the conflict. In his famous Salt Sermon, Sidney Rigdon announced that the dissenters were as salt that had lost its savor and that it was the duty of the faithful to cast the dissenters out to be trodden beneath the feet of men. Battle of Crooked River-es.png 564 452; 280 KB. which rallied the Mormons and allowed them to drive off their opponents.[36]. [53][56] Millport, Grindstone Fork and the smaller Missourian settlement of Splawn's Ridge were also plundered and had some houses burned. One contemporary critic of the Mormons wrote: Mormonism is a monstrous evil; and the only place where it ever did or ever could shine, this side of the world of despair, is by the side of the Missouri mob. New converts to Mormonism continued to relocate to Missouri and settle in Clay County. [31], In the speech, Rigdon declared that the Latter-day Saints would no longer be driven from their homes by persecution from without or dissension from within, and that if enemies came again to drive out the Saints, "And that mob that comes on us to disturb us, it shall be between us and them a war of extermination; for we will follow them until the last drop of their blood is spilled; or else they will have to exterminate us, for we will carry the seat of war to their own houses and their own families, and one party or the other shall be utterly destroyed". Finally, the Mormons who had taken up arms were to leave the state. Every Mormon who had taken up arms was to sell his property to pay for the damages to Missourian property and for the muster of the state militia. "If found, they will be shot down like dogs," warned Hyrum. The Grand Mafia. Soon after the "Extermination Order" was issued, vigilantes attacked an outlying Mormon settlement and killed . Sheriff J.H. Stephen C. LeSueur: The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. Lilburn Boggs, as a Jackson county resident, and as Lieutenant Governor, was in a position to observe and assist in executing the tactics described by one Mormon historian: In 1833 Boggs passively saw community leaders and officials sign demands for Mormon withdrawal, and next force a gunbarrel contract to abandon the county before spring plantinganti-Mormon goals were reached in a few simple stages. Exaggerated initial reports indicated that nearly all of Bogart's company had been killed. Having taken control of the Missourian settlements, the Mormons plundered the property and burned the stores and houses. It's not easy to make a major change and make it stick. Two members of the Far West High Council, George M. Hinkle and John Murdock, were sent to take possession of the town and to begin to colonize it. Unfortunately, the shop had large gaps between the logs which the Missourians shot into and, as one Mormon later recalled, it became more "slaughter-house rather than a shelter. ", http://www.sos.mo.gov/archives/resources/findingaids/miscMormonRecords.asp?rec=doc, http://books.google.com/books?id=TcfYO8JFElcC, "An appeal to the American people: being an account of the persecutions of the Church of Latter Day Saints, and of the barbarities inflicted on them by the inhabitants of the state of Missouri", http://patriot.lib.byu.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/NCMP1820-1846&CISOPTR=2837&REC=4, "Mormonism in All Ages; or the Rise, Progress and Causes of Mormonism; with the Biography of Its Author and Founder, Joseph Smith, Jr", http://ia600401.us.archive.org/31/items/mormonisminalla00turn/mormonisminalla00turn.pdf, Mel Tungate's Battle of Crooked River sources website, History of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Volume 2 Chapter 11, Length of U.S. participation in major wars, Mormons stripped of property and expelled from Missouri. The day has gone by when masses of men can be outlawed, and driven from society to the wilderness, unprotected. [56], Even Missourians who had been friendly to the Mormons were not spared. Ironically, as a result of his kindness, he was the only Mormon who was positively identified to have participated in the home burnings. [51][52] Although he was sympathetic to the Mormons' plight, Doniphan reminded the Latter Day Saints that the Caldwell County militia could not legally enter Daviess County, and he advised Mormons traveling there to go in small parties and unarmed. Initial reaction by Missourians was mixed. Click the image for an enlarged map illustrating the Battle of Crooked River. Most refugees made their way east to Illinois, where residents of the town of Quincy helped them. Ebenezer Robinson described the scene at Far West, "General Clark made the following speech to the brethren on the public square:'The orders of the governor to me were, that you should be exterminated, and not allowed to remain in the state, and had your leaders not been given up, and the terms of the treaty complied with, before this, you and your families would have been destroyed and your houses in ashes.'"[90]. [25][26], At the same time Mormons, including Sampson Avard, began to organize a secret society known as the Danites, whose purposes included obeying the church presidency "right or wrong" and expelling the dissenters from Caldwell County. During the conflict 22 people were killed (three Mormons and one non-Mormon at Crooked River, one Mormon prisoner fatally injured while in custody, and 17 Mormons at Haun's Mill). He stated that General Parks reported to him that "a portion of the men from Carroll County, with one piece of artillery, are on their march for Daviess County, where it is thought the same lawless game is to be played over, and the Mormons to be driven from that county and probably from Caldwell County." Later that day, the Carroll County forces sealed off the town. Nearly every one was burned. [89][90] Colonel Hinkle stated that the Latter Day Saints would help bring to justice those Mormons who had violated the law, but he protested that the other terms were illegal and unconstitutional. On August 6, 1838, the war began following a brawl at an election in Gallatin, resulting in increased organized violence between Mormons and non-Mormons backed by the Missouri Volunteer Militia in northwestern Missouri. [86] Other Latter Day Saint witnesses remembered that Smith said to "beg like a dog for peace". Although Mormons won the battle, they took heavier casualties than the Missourians. On July 30, citizens of Carroll County met in Carrollton to discuss the Mormon colonization of De Witt. When events in Daviess County caused Missourians to see the Mormon community as a violent threat, non-Mormon public opinion hardened in favor of a firm military response. On October 29, this large vigilante band of some 250 men assembled and entered eastern Caldwell County. They also reported the existence of the Danite group among the Mormons and repeated a popular rumor that a group of Danites was planning to attack and burn Richmond and Liberty. "[48][49], On October 9, A C Caldwell returned to De Witt to report that the Governor's response was that the "quarrel was between the Mormons and the mob" and that they should fight it out.[48]. You can also get a slight stat buff from the equipment investments. The Mormons divided into three columns led by David W. Patten, Charles C. Rich, and James Durphee. In the early part of 1838, Mormons started to settle outside of Caldwell which, once again, upset some Missourians so conflict broke out. People were slaughtered. In this 1842 letter, Mormon dissenter George M. Hinkle rashly accused Joseph Smith of plotting to poison the Missourians' water supply. The 1838 Mormon War, also known as the Missouri Mormon War, was a conflict between Mormons and non-Mormons in Missouri from August to November 1838, the fi. According to an article in the Elders' Journal a Latter Day Saint newspaper published in Far West "The Saints here are at perfect peace with all the surrounding inhabitants, and persecution is not so much as once named among them"[18]. [57], Thomas B. Marsh, President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the church, and fellow Apostle Orson Hyde were alarmed by the events of the Daviess County expedition. Overwhelmingly, these claims are contradicted by the majority of both Missourian and Latter Day Saint testimony (which implicate the Mormons in the burnings) and also by the evidence of the looted property found in the possession of Latter Day Saints. Judge Josiah Morin and Samuel McBrier, both considered friendly to the Mormons, both fled Daviess County after being threatened. [101], The defendants, consisting of about 60 men including Joseph Smith and Sidney Rigdon, were turned over to a civil court of inquiry in Richmond under Judge Austin A. The militia promptly arrested Smith and the other leaders. (Rockwood, Journal, 11 Nov. 1838, CHL.) Lyman Wight took his army and attacked Millport. The specific dates of the war are from August 6, 1838, (the Gallatin election battle) to November 1, 1838, when Joseph Smith surrendered at Far West. My brigade shall march for Liberty to-morrow morning, at 8 o'clock, and if you execute those men, I will hold you responsible before an earthly tribunal, so help me God! The order was part of the 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. All of the conflicts in the Mormon War occurred in a corridor 100 miles (160 km) to the east and northeast of Kansas City . [89] Smith believed that Hinkle had betrayed him,[92] but Hinkle maintained his innocence and claimed that he was following Smith's orders. To do so, would be to act with extreme cruelty. [111] One resolution passed by the Quincy town council read: Resolved: That the gov of Missouri, in refusing protection to this class of people when pressed upon by an heartless mob, and turning upon them a band of unprincipled Militia, with orders encouraging their extermination, has brought a lasting disgrace upon the state over which he presides.[112]. If after looking through it you still have unanswered questions . Mormon is a nickname used by non-members taken from the Book of Mormon, scriptures translated by Joseph Smith by the power of God from an ancient record. The soldiers shot down our oxen, cows, hogs and fowls, at our own doors, taking part away and leaving the rest to rot in the streets. Every Mormon who had taken up arms was to sell his property to pay for the damages to Missourian property and for the muster of the state militia. This triggered a brawl between the bystanders. [74], Most Mormons gathered to Far West and Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection. But if you've never heard of it, don't feel bad. [99], Smith and the other Mormons resettled in Nauvoo, Illinois, beginning in 1839. Parks wrote his superior, General Atchison, that "a word from his Excellency would have more power to quell this affair than a regiment. EMELLE . With one child in each arm, she waded across an icy creek to safety in Adam-ondi-Ahman. [68] Generals Atchison, Doniphon and Parks decided they needed to call out the militia to "prevent further violence." [13][42], Sentiment among the anti-Mormon segment of Carroll County's population hardened, and some began to take up arms. [57] Even Mormon leader Parley P Pratt conceded that some burnings had been done by Mormons. [69] Instead of staying in the strip, Bogart passed into southern Caldwell County and began to disarm Mormons. Major General Samuel D. Lucas marched the state militia to Far West and laid siege to the Mormon headquarters. The Far West militia was marched out of the city and forced to turn over their weapons to General Lucas. However, Reynolds was unable to capture Rockwell. According to Latter Day Saint witness Reed Peck, when Smith was told that the Mormons would be expected to leave the state, he replied that "he did not care" and that he would be glad to get out of the "damnable state" anyway. . Doniphan already had troops raised to prevent fighting between Mormons and anti-Mormons in Daviess County. Siege of Far West and capture of church leaders. Shortly after organizing the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in 1830, Joseph Smith Jr. revealed that the Second Coming of Christ was near, that the City of Zion would be near the town of Independence in Jackson County, Missouri, and that his followers were destined to inherit the land held by the current settlers. Dunn, acting under the orders of Doniphan, continued on to Adam-ondi-Ahman. I will not obey your order. Jacob Stollings, a Gallatin merchant, was reported to have been generous in selling to Mormons on credit, but his store was plundered and burned with the rest. Author: Stephen C. LeSueur. The church relocated from Kirtland to Far West, which became the new headquarters of the church. After the inquiry, all but a few of the Mormon prisoners were released, but Joseph Smith, Sidney Rigdon, Lyman Wight, Caleb Baldwin, Hyrum Smith and Alexander McRae were held in the Liberty Jail in Liberty, Clay County on charges of treason against the state, murder, arson, burglary, robbery and larceny. . In his famous Salt Sermon, Sidney Rigdon announced that the dissenters were as salt that had lost its savor and that it was the duty of the faithful to cast the dissenters out to be trodden beneath the feet of men. The Mormon War is a name that is sometimes given to the 1838 conflict which occurred between Latter-day Saints (Mormons) and their neighbors in the northwestern region of the US state of Missouri. King, on charges of treason, murder, arson, burglary, robbery, larceny and perjury. It did not matter whether or not the Mormons at [Haun's] mill had taken any part in the disturbance which had occurred [in Daviess County]; it was enough that they were Mormons. 17 church members 15 men and two boys were killed by 240 militiamen/vigilantes at Haun's Mill in Caldwell County. David W. Patten, also known as Captain Fearnot, attacked Gallatin. [26][28][29], On July 4, Sidney Rigdon gave an oration, which was characterized by Mormon historian Brigham Henry Roberts as a "'Declaration of Independence' from all mobs and persecutions. Nathan Tanner reported that his militia company rescued another woman and three small children who were hiding in the bushes as their home burned. DeVoto, Bernard (2000). On October 11, Mormon leaders agreed to abandon the settlement and move to Caldwell County. Mormon was the name of a prophet from that record who edited religious writings of people who originally came from Jerusalem at about 600 B.C. Black refused, but after meeting with Smith, he wrote and signed a document stating that he "is not attached to any mob, nor will attach himself to any such people, and so long as they [the Mormons] will not molest me, I will not molest them. Eventually, the large portion of the Mormons regrouped and founded a new city in Illinois which they called Nauvoo. He's still alive, ain't he?"[121]. Black refused, but after meeting with Smith, he wrote and signed a document stating that he "is not attached to any mob, nor will attach himself to any such people, and so long as they [the Mormons] will not molest me, I will not molest them. The presidency responded by urging the dissenters to leave the county, using strong words that the dissenters interpreted as threats. "[27][37] Black later confirmed that he had felt threatened by the large number of hostile armed men. The county seat, Gallatin, is reported to have been "completely gutted" only one shoe store remained unscathed. [11], Mormon petitions and lawsuits failed to bring any satisfaction: the non-Mormons in Jackson refused to allow the Mormons to return and reimbursement for confiscated and damaged property was refused. During the conflict, 22 people were killed (three Mormons and one non-Mormon at Battle of Crooked Creek,[1] one Mormon prisoner fatally injured while in custody,[2] and 17 Mormons at Hauns Mill[3]), and an unknown number of non-combatants died due to exposure and hardship as a result of being expelled from their homes in Missouri. He surmised that the perpetrator had fired upon Boggs and lost his firearm in the night when the weapon recoiled due to its unusually large shot. Unfortunately, the shop had large gaps between the logs which the Missourians shot into and, as one Mormon later recalled, it became more "slaughter-house rather than a shelter". Published March 09, 2022 05:36:49. [70], When the Mormons arrived on the scene, the State Militia unit was camped along Crooked River in the Bunkham's Strip just south of Caldwell County. On May 6, 1842, Boggs was shot in the head at his home three blocks from Temple Lot. Several children also became ill during the ordeal and died later. They committed a form ritualized murder known as Blood Atonement. [57] According to one witness, "We could stand in our door and see houses burning every night for over two weeks the Mormons completely gutted Daviess County. [40][41], On July 30, citizens of Carroll County met in Carrollton to discuss the Mormon colonization of De Witt. [56] Even Mormon leader Parley P Pratt conceded that some burnings had been done by Mormons. The soldiers shot down our oxen, cows, hogs and fowls, at our own doors, taking part away and leaving the rest to rot in the streets. Tensions rose in Clay County as the Mormon population grew. Most Mormon immigrants to Missouri (which was at the time a, This page was last edited on 10 December 2022, at 21:15. Mormon dissenters from Daviess County who had fled to Livingston County reportedly told Livingston County militia under Colonel Thomas Jennings that Mormons were gathering at Haun's Mill to mount a raid into Livingston County. [53] On October 18, these Mormons began to act as vigilantes and marched under arms in three groups to Daviess County. John Corrill, one of the Mormon leaders, remembered: Friendship began to be restored between (the Mormons) and their neighbors, the old prejudices were fast dying away, and they were doing well, until the summer of 1838[18], In 1837, problems at the church's headquarters in Kirtland, Ohio, centering on the Kirtland Safety Society bank, led to schism. The Danites were a fraternal organization founded by Latter Day Saint members in June 1838, in the town of Far West, Caldwell County, Missouri.During their period of organization in Missouri, the Danites operated as a vigilante group and took a central role in the events of the 1838 Mormon War.There is no evidence that the Danites existed after 1838. Agitation against the Latter Day Saints had become particularly fierce in the sparsely settled counties north and east of Caldwell County. A militia under the command of Samuel Bogart was authorized by General Atchison to patrol the no-man's land between Ray and Caldwell Counties known as "Bunkham's Strip" an unincorporated territory 6 miles (9.7km) east to west and 1-mile (1.6km) north to south. On May 6, 1842, Boggs was shot in the head at his home three blocks from Temple Lot. On October 24, Marsh and Hyde left the fellowship of their fellow Latter Day Saints and traveled to Richmond, in Ray County. Battle of Crooked River.jpg 564 452; 106 KB. Colonel Hinkle and Mormons of the Caldwell County militia were joined by elements of the Danite organization. Talk:1838 Mormon War Connected to: {{::readMoreArticle.title}} From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The Mormon War literallty changed the course of Missouri history.Caldwell and Daviess counties were carved out of the frontier specifically for Mormon settlers experiencing problems in Ray and other organized counties. Once they were established in a county of their own, a period of relative peace ensued. ISBN-13: 9780826207296. These militias clashed with their Missouri opponents, leading to a few fatalities on both sides. Tensions rose in Clay County as the Mormon population grew. The willingness of both Missourians and . On August 19, 1838, Mormon settler Smith Humphrey reports that 100 armed men led by Colonel William Claude Jonestook him prisoner for two hours and threatened him and the rest of the Mormon community.[43]. Eventually, the large portion of the Mormons regrouped and founded a new city in Illinois which they called Nauvoo. Atchison said further, "I would respectfully suggest to your Excellency the propriety of a visit to the scene of excitement in person, or at all events, a strong proclamation" as the only way to restore peace and the rule of law. [51][53] Ignoring this counsel, a Mormon judge in Caldwell County called out the Caldwell militia, led by Colonel George M. Hinkle. 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